
**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
******************************************************REPLICATION DATA FOR ***********************************************************************************************************************
******************************************************IT'S A LONG WAY TO THE TOP - WOMEN'S MINISTERIAL CAREER PATHS*******************************************************************************
******************************************************BY KROEBER/HÜFFELMANN IN POLITICS & GENDER**************************************************************************************************
**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************




use "C:\ENTER_PATH_HERE\long_way_to_the_top.dta", clear





***Figure 1
catplot minister_sex country if minister_portfolio_highprestige==1, asyvars recast(bar) var2opts(sort(2) descending) title("Distribution of prestigious positions by sex and country") 



***Figure 2
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
sts graph, cumhaz by(minister_sex) ci tmax(147) addplot(hist minister_duration if minister_duration<148, yaxis(2) fcolor(%25) lc(black%50))





*** Main Models 

*** Model 1
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade , vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1



*** Model ""
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade ,  vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2



***Figure 3
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade , vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1
stcurve, cumhaz at1(minister_sex=0) at2(minister_sex=1) at3(minister_portfolio_feminine=0) at4(minister_portfolio_feminine=1) scheme(lean2)  legend(label(1 "Man") label(2 "Woman") label(3 "no feminine portfolio") label(4 "feminine portfolio") pos(6) cols(2))  range(0 147)




*** Robustness Tests

*** Model 1, Test 1: Testing the proportional hazard assumption (PHA) using Schoenfeld residuals
capture drop sch*
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade , vce(cluster country) scaledsch(sch*) //scaledsch=calculates the residuals
estat phtest, detail
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade , tvc(i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women) texp(ln(_t))
estimates store model1_1



*** Model 1, Test 2: Exluding ministers that directly receive a highly prestigious portfolio 
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade if minister_portfolio_highprest_d==0, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_2



*** Model 1, Test 3: Exluding all observations before 2010
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade if decade==2010, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_3



**** Model 1, Test 4: Including party-level control variables (1)
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige)
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women c.party_leftright c.party_parliamentaryseats i.postcommunist i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_4



*** Model 1, Test 5: Including party-level control variables  (2); Party seats in cabinet
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist party_cabinetseats i.decade , vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_5



*** Model 1, Test 6: Including a dummy for Nordic countries
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.nordic i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_6



*** Model 1, Test 7: Including share of women in government 
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex cabinet_women i.postcommunist i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_7



*** Model 1, Test 8: Including a variable for gender quotas
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex i.genderquota i.postcommunist i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_8



*** Model 1, Test 9: Including a dummy for female party leader
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex i.partyleader_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist  i.decade , vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_9



*** Model 1, Test 10: Excluding multi-party governments
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex  parliament_women i.postcommunist  i.decade if coalition_government==0, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_10



*** Model 1, Test 11: Including country fixed effects
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade i.country_categorical , vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_11



*** Model 2, Test 1: Testing the proportional hazard assumption (PHA) using Schoenfeld residuals
capture drop sch*
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade , vce(cluster country) scaledsch(sch*) //scaledsch=calculates the residuals
estat phtest, detail
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade , tvc(i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women) texp(ln(_t))
estimates store model2_1



*** Model 2, Test 2: Exluding ministers that directly receive a high prestige portfolio 
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade if minister_portfolio_highprest_d==0, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_2



*** Model 2, Test 3: Exluding all observations before 2010
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade if decade==2010, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_3



**** Model 2, Test 4:  Including party-level control variables (1)
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige)
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women c.party_leftright c.party_parliamentaryseats i.postcommunist i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_4



*** Model 2, Test 5: Including party-level control variables  (2); Party seats in cabinet
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist party_cabinetseats i.decade ,  vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_5



*** Model 2, Test 6: Including a dummy for Nordic countries
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.nordic i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_6



*** Model 2. Test 7: Including share of women in government 
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex cabinet_women i.postcommunist i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_7



*** Model 2, Test 8: Including a variable for gender quotas
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex i.genderquota i.postcommunist i.decade, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_8



*** Model 2, Test 9: Including a dummy for female party leader
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex i.partyleader_sex i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade ,  vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_9



** Model 2, Test 10: Excluding multi-party governments
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex  parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade if coalition_government==0, vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_10


*** Model 2, Test 11: Including country fixed effects
stset minister_duration, failure(minister_portfolio_highprestige) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade i.country_categorical , vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_11


esttab model1 model2 using models_main.rtf , b(3) se(3) eform label star(+ 0.1 * 0.05 ** 0.01 *** 0.001)  parentheses  replace plain  scalars( N N_fail ll)

esttab model1_1 model2_1 using test1.rtf , b(3) se(3) eform label star(+ 0.1 * 0.05 ** 0.01 *** 0.001)  parentheses  replace plain  scalars( N N_fail ll)

esttab model1_2 model1_3 model1_4 model1_5   using model1_1tests.rtf , b(3) se(3) eform label star(+ 0.1 * 0.05 ** 0.01 *** 0.001)  parentheses  replace plain  scalars( N N_fail ll)

esttab model1_6 model1_7 model1_8 model1_9 model1_10 model1_11 using model1_2tests.rtf , b(3) se(3) eform label star(+ 0.1 * 0.05 ** 0.01 *** 0.001)  parentheses  replace plain  scalars( N N_fail ll)

esttab model2_2 model2_3 model2_4 model2_5 using model2_1tests.rtf , b(3) se(3) eform label star(+ 0.1 * 0.05 ** 0.01 *** 0.0011)  parentheses  replace plain scalars( N N_fail ll)

esttab model2_6 model2_7 model2_8 model2_9 model2_10 model2_11 using model2_2tests.rtf , b(3) se(3) eform label star(+ 0.1 * 0.05 ** 0.01 *** 0.0011)  parentheses  replace plain scalars( N N_fail ll)







*** T-tests in Appendix 2
asdoc ttest minister_duration if minister_portfolio_highprestige==1, by(minister_sex) replace unequal
asdoc ttest minister_portfolio_highprestige, by(minister_sex) rowappend unequal






*** Test 12

use "C:\ENTER_PATH_HERE\long_way_to_the_top_RC12.dta", clear



*** Model 1
stset minister_duration, failure(highprest_rc) 
stcox i.minister_sex i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade , vce(cluster country)
estimates store model1_12



*** Model 2
stset minister_duration, failure(highprest_rc) 
stcox i.minister_sex##i.minister_portfolio_feminine i1.pm_sex parliament_women i.postcommunist i.decade ,  vce(cluster country)
estimates store model2_12



esttab model1_12 model2_12 using model_tests_12.rtf , b(3) se(3) eform label star(+ 0.1 * 0.05 ** 0.01 *** 0.0011)  parentheses  replace plain scalars( N N_fail ll)

